Association of Alcohol Drinking Patterns With Presence of Impaired Fasting Glucose and Diabetes Mellitus Among South Korean Adults

BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the association between alcohol drinking patterns and the presence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS We used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010-2014. The participants were aged ≥30 years and had no previous diagnosis of DM. High-risk drinking was defined as alcohol consumption of ≥7 glasses at a sitting for men, and ≥5 glasses for women. After adjusting for confounding factors, a polychotomous logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of drinking patterns with IFG and DM. RESULTS For men, high-risk drinking was associated with higher odds ratios (ORs) of IFG (2-4/month, OR 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-2.04; 2-3/week, OR 1.79; 95% CI, 1.38-2.33; and ≥4/week, OR 2.24; 95% CI, 1.65-3.03) and of DM (2-4/month, OR 2.12; 95% CI, 1.20-3.77; 2-3/week, OR 1.78; 95% CI, 1.05-3.03; and ≥4/week, OR 2.98; 95% CI, 1.72-5.17). For women, high-risk drinking was associated with higher risk of IFG (2-4/month, OR 1.51; 95% CI, 1.04-2.21; 2-3/week, OR 3.19; 95% CI, 2.20-4.64; and ≥4/week, OR 2.23; 95% CI, 1.23-4.06), but not of DM, compared with non-high-risk drinkers who consumed alcohol ≤1 day/month. Non-high-risk drinkers who consumed alcohol ≥4 days/week had higher ORs of DM in men, but lower ORs of DM in women compared with non-high risk drinkers who consumed alcohol ≤1 day/month. CONCLUSIONS Compared with non-high-risk alcohol drinking, even occasional high-risk alcohol drinking was associated with a higher risk of IFG in men and women, and DM in men. Nearly daily non-high-risk alcohol drinking was associated with a higher risk of DM in men and lower risk of DM in women.